Lawrence of Arabia (1962)

Detailed Summary

Introduction and Setting

Lawrence of Arabia is an epic historical drama directed by David Lean, based on the life of T.E. Lawrence and his autobiography, Seven Pillars of Wisdom. The film stars Peter O’Toole as Lawrence and is set during World War I in the Arabian Peninsula, focusing on Lawrence’s experiences leading Arab tribes in rebellion against the Ottoman Empire.

The Story Unfolds

The Early Days

The film begins with the death of T.E. Lawrence in a motorcycle accident in 1935, followed by a flashback to his early days as a British Army lieutenant in Cairo. Lawrence is depicted as an enigmatic and rebellious officer, bored with his desk job. He is sent to Arabia to assess the prospects of Prince Faisal’s revolt against the Turks.

Lawrence’s Transformation

Lawrence meets Prince Faisal (Alec Guinness) and soon proves his worth by leading a daring and successful attack on the Turkish-held port of Aqaba. This marks the beginning of Lawrence’s transformation into a charismatic and influential leader. He adopts Arab customs, attire, and gains the respect and loyalty of the Arab tribes.

The Climax and Resolution

The Guerrilla Campaign

Lawrence organizes and leads a series of guerrilla raids against the Ottoman forces, using his knowledge of the desert and unconventional tactics. His successes include the capture of Aqaba and the strategic sabotage of the Hejaz Railway. His exploits earn him the nickname “El Aurens” among the Arabs and widespread fame.

The Psychological Toll

As the campaign progresses, Lawrence faces increasing psychological strain. He grapples with his identity, the brutality of war, and the moral complexities of his actions. His inner turmoil is exacerbated by his capture and torture by the Turks in Deraa, which profoundly affects his mental state.

The Conclusion

The Battle of Damascus

Lawrence’s final triumph is the capture of Damascus, but the victory is bittersweet. The city quickly descends into chaos as the Arab factions struggle for control, highlighting the deep divisions among them. Lawrence realizes the limits of his influence and the futility of his dream of a united Arabia.

Lawrence’s Return

Disillusioned, Lawrence returns to Britain, his idealism shattered. The film ends with Lawrence being recalled to England, contemplating his experiences and the transient nature of his achievements.

Movie Ending

The film concludes with Lawrence’s return to Britain, reflecting on his complex legacy. The final scenes emphasize the transient and often ambiguous nature of historical and personal glory.

Post-Credits Scene

There are no post-credits scenes in Lawrence of Arabia.

Type of Movie

Lawrence of Arabia is an epic historical drama that combines elements of adventure, biography, and war.

Cast

• Peter O’Toole as T.E. Lawrence
• Alec Guinness as Prince Faisal
• Anthony Quinn as Auda abu Tayi
• Jack Hawkins as General Allenby
• Omar Sharif as Sherif Ali
• José Ferrer as Turkish Bey
• Anthony Quayle as Colonel Harry Brighton
• Claude Rains as Mr. Dryden

Film Music and Composer

The film’s iconic score was composed by Maurice Jarre, whose music captures the grandeur and emotional depth of the story. The main theme is particularly renowned for its sweeping, epic quality.

Filming Locations

Lawrence of Arabia was filmed in several locations, including:

• Jordan: Wadi Rum for many of the desert scenes.
• Spain: Various locations, including Seville and Almería, for scenes set in Cairo and Damascus.
• Morocco: For the Aqaba sequence.

Awards and Nominations

Lawrence of Arabia received numerous prestigious awards, including:

• Academy Awards: Won 7 Oscars, including Best Picture, Best Director (David Lean), Best Cinematography, Best Art Direction, Best Sound, Best Film Editing, and Best Music, Original Score.
• Golden Globe Awards: Won Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, and Best Supporting Actor (Omar Sharif).
• BAFTA Awards: Won Best Film and Best British Film.

Behind the Scenes Insights

• The film’s production was notoriously challenging, involving extensive location shooting in harsh desert conditions.
• Peter O’Toole’s performance is widely acclaimed, and his casting marked a breakthrough in his career.
• David Lean’s meticulous direction and attention to detail contributed to the film’s epic scale and enduring legacy.

Inspirations and References

The film is based on T.E. Lawrence’s autobiography, Seven Pillars of Wisdom, and incorporates historical events and figures from the Arab Revolt and World War I. Lean and screenwriter Robert Bolt aimed to balance historical accuracy with dramatic storytelling.

Alternate Endings and Deleted Scenes

The final cut closely follows Lean’s vision, though some deleted scenes and additional content are available in special editions and DVD releases, providing further context and character development.

Book Adaptations and Differences

The film is adapted from Lawrence’s Seven Pillars of Wisdom, with some artistic license taken for dramatic purposes. The book provides more detailed insights into Lawrence’s thoughts and the broader context of the Arab Revolt.

Memorable Scenes and Quotes

Key Scenes

• The crossing of the Nefud Desert.
• The attack on Aqaba.
• Lawrence’s capture and torture in Deraa.
• The chaotic aftermath of the capture of Damascus.
• The opening motorcycle accident and the flashbacks to Lawrence’s life.

Iconic Quotes

• “The trick, William Potter, is not minding that it hurts.” – T.E. Lawrence
• “Nothing is written.” – T.E. Lawrence
• “No prisoners!” – T.E. Lawrence

Easter Eggs and Hidden Details

• The film’s use of real locations and historical artifacts enhances its authenticity.
• The intricate costumes and set designs reflect the cultural and historical context of the period.

Trivia

• The film’s budget was approximately $15 million, a significant sum at the time, and it grossed over $70 million worldwide.
• The role of Lawrence was initially offered to actors such as Marlon Brando and Albert Finney before Peter O’Toole was cast.
• The film’s famous desert scenes were shot in Jordan’s Wadi Rum, which has since become a popular filming location for other movies.

Why Watch?

Lawrence of Arabia is a cinematic masterpiece that offers a profound exploration of historical events and the complexities of heroism and leadership. Its epic scale, stunning cinematography, and powerful performances make it a must-watch for fans of classic cinema and historical dramas.

Director’s Other Movies

David Lean also directed:

• Brief Encounter (1945)
• The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
• Doctor Zhivago (1965)
• A Passage to India (1984)

Recommended Films for Fans

• Doctor Zhivago (1965)
• The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)
• Patton (1970)
• Ben-Hur (1959)
• Gandhi (1982)