The Elephant Man (1980)

Detailed Summary

Introduction and Setting

The Elephant Man is a 1980 British-American biographical drama film directed by David Lynch and produced by Mel Brooks. The film is based on the true story of Joseph Merrick (referred to as John Merrick in the film), a severely deformed man in 19th-century London. The film stars John Hurt as John Merrick, Anthony Hopkins as Dr. Frederick Treves, and Anne Bancroft as Mrs. Kendal. Set in Victorian England, the film explores themes of humanity, dignity, and the societal treatment of those who are different.

The Story Unfolds

Discovery and Rescue

The film opens with Dr. Frederick Treves (Anthony Hopkins), a surgeon at the London Hospital, discovering John Merrick (John Hurt) being exhibited as a sideshow freak by a cruel showman named Bytes (Freddie Jones). Shocked by Merrick’s severe deformities, Treves arranges to examine him at the hospital. Treves presents Merrick to his medical colleagues, emphasizing his deformities while feeling conflicted about treating him as a specimen.

Understanding Merrick

Treves manages to have Merrick admitted to the hospital permanently after proving to the hospital governor, Mr. Carr Gomm (John Gielgud), that Merrick is not an imbecile, as previously believed, but an intelligent and sensitive man. Merrick begins to reveal his gentle nature, intelligence, and love for literature and art. With the help of Treves and the support of Mrs. Kendal (Anne Bancroft), a famous actress, Merrick gradually gains self-confidence and acceptance.

The Climax and Resolution

Social Acceptance and Setbacks

Merrick becomes a sensation in London society, receiving visits from prominent figures, including the Princess of Wales. However, his life is not free from cruelty. Bytes kidnaps Merrick and returns him to the freak show circuit, but with the help of other freak show performers, Merrick escapes and returns to London.

The Final Days

The film reaches its emotional climax as Merrick completes the construction of a model of a cathedral he can see from his window. He expresses his desire to “sleep like normal people” and removes the pillows that support his head, fully aware that this will result in his suffocation. Merrick dies peacefully, achieving the normality he yearned for.

The Conclusion

Legacy and Reflection

The Elephant Man concludes with a sense of tragic beauty. Merrick’s story highlights the dignity and humanity that can be found in even the most marginalized individuals. The film leaves viewers reflecting on their own perceptions and treatment of those who are different.

Movie Ending

The Elephant Man ends with John Merrick’s peaceful death, symbolizing his release from a life of suffering and his yearning for normalcy. The film closes with an image of the Nebula, evoking a sense of spiritual transcendence.

Post-Credits Scene

There are no post-credits scenes in The Elephant Man.

Type of Movie

The Elephant Man is a biographical drama that combines elements of historical narrative and emotional depth, focusing on themes of humanity, compassion, and societal treatment of physical deformity.

Cast

• John Hurt as John Merrick
• Anthony Hopkins as Dr. Frederick Treves
• Anne Bancroft as Mrs. Kendal
• John Gielgud as Mr. Carr Gomm
• Freddie Jones as Bytes
• Wendy Hiller as Mothershead

Film Music and Composer

The film’s score was composed by John Morris, whose music enhances the film’s emotional and dramatic intensity.

Filming Locations

The Elephant Man was filmed primarily in London, England, with key locations including:

• Shepperton Studios: For interior scenes and elaborate set designs.
• Various London streets and historical buildings: To capture the Victorian atmosphere.

Awards and Nominations

The Elephant Man received numerous prestigious awards and nominations, including:

• Academy Awards: Nominated for Best Picture, Best Director (David Lynch), Best Actor (John Hurt), Best Adapted Screenplay, Best Art Direction, Best Costume Design, Best Film Editing, and Best Original Score.
• BAFTA Awards: Won Best Actor (John Hurt) and Best Production Design. Nominated for Best Film, Best Director, Best Screenplay, and Best Cinematography.
• Golden Globe Awards: Nominated for Best Motion Picture – Drama, Best Director, Best Actor (John Hurt), and Best Supporting Actor (Anthony Hopkins).

Behind the Scenes Insights

• John Hurt’s performance required extensive makeup and prosthetics, which took several hours to apply each day.
• David Lynch’s direction and the film’s black-and-white cinematography were praised for their atmospheric and period-accurate depiction of Victorian London.
• The film was produced by Mel Brooks, who intentionally did not take a producer’s credit to avoid audience preconceptions of it being a comedy.

Inspirations and References

The Elephant Man is based on the true story of Joseph Merrick, drawing from two sources: the book The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences by Frederick Treves and The Elephant Man: A Study in Human Dignity by Ashley Montagu. The film explores Merrick’s life and the societal reactions to his deformity, emphasizing themes of dignity and humanity.

Alternate Endings and Deleted Scenes

The final cut of The Elephant Man closely follows David Lynch’s vision. Some deleted scenes and additional content are available in special editions and DVD releases, providing further context and character development.

Book Adaptations and Differences

While the film is based on real-life accounts and biographical works, it dramatizes certain aspects for cinematic effect. The book The Elephant Man and Other Reminiscences by Frederick Treves provides a more detailed account of Merrick’s life from the perspective of his doctor.

Memorable Scenes and Quotes

Key Scenes

• Dr. Treves’ discovery of Merrick at the freak show.
• Merrick’s recitation of the 23rd Psalm to prove his intelligence.
• Merrick’s emotional reaction to seeing his own reflection for the first time.
• The high-society reception hosted by Mrs. Kendal in honor of Merrick.
• The poignant final scene of Merrick’s death.

Iconic Quotes

• “I am not an animal! I am a human being! I am a man!” – John Merrick
• “My life is full because I know I am loved.” – John Merrick
• “People are frightened by what they don’t understand.” – Dr. Frederick Treves

Easter Eggs and Hidden Details

• The use of black-and-white cinematography helps to create a timeless, historical feel and draws attention to the emotional core of the story.
• The film subtly critiques Victorian society’s fascination with physical deformities and their treatment of marginalized individuals.

Trivia

• The film’s budget was approximately $5 million, and it grossed over $26 million worldwide.
• John Hurt’s portrayal of John Merrick is considered one of his most significant roles, earning him critical acclaim and numerous award nominations.
• David Lynch’s direction of The Elephant Man helped establish him as a notable filmmaker with a unique artistic vision.

Why Watch?

The Elephant Man offers a deeply moving and thought-provoking portrayal of human dignity and compassion, featuring standout performances, particularly by John Hurt and Anthony Hopkins, and masterful direction by David Lynch. Its exploration of societal perceptions and the treatment of those who are different makes it a powerful and timeless classic.

Director’s Other Movies

David Lynch also directed:

• Eraserhead (1977)
• Blue Velvet (1986)
• Mulholland Drive (2001)
• Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me (1992)
• Lost Highway (1997)

Recommended Films for Fans

• My Left Foot (1989)
• The Miracle Worker (1962)
• Mask (1985)
• Awakenings (1990)
• Gorillas in the Mist (1988)