Cry Freedom (1987), directed by Richard Attenborough, is a powerful biographical drama that delves into the real-life story of Steve Biko, a South African anti-apartheid activist, and his friendship with white journalist Donald Woods. Based on true events, the film serves as both a personal narrative and a political statement against the brutality of apartheid.
Detailed Summary
The Beginnings of an Unlikely Friendship
Set in the 1970s during the height of apartheid in South Africa, Cry Freedom begins with journalist Donald Woods (played by Kevin Kline) as a skeptical editor of a liberal newspaper. He initially believes that Steve Biko (played by Denzel Washington) is an extremist who encourages violence against whites.
However, after meeting Biko in person, Woods realizes his misconceptions. Biko is articulate, charismatic, and deeply committed to non-violent resistance and black empowerment. Their meeting marks the start of a deep and transformative friendship.
The Message of Black Consciousness
Biko introduces Woods to the Black Consciousness Movement, which promotes self-respect and pride among black South Africans, urging them to reject the inferiority imposed by apartheid. Woods begins to see the oppression around him through Biko’s eyes, visiting townships and witnessing the harsh realities of segregation and police brutality.
The growing friendship between a black activist and a white journalist soon draws the attention of the authorities, placing both men and their families under constant threat.
Government Repression and Arrest
The apartheid regime’s paranoia intensifies. Biko is banned, meaning he cannot speak publicly, be quoted, or even be in the same room with more than one person at a time. Despite this, he continues to advocate for justice.
Eventually, the police arrest Biko after a public speech. During his detention, he is brutally beaten and left to die in prison. The government claims his death resulted from a “hunger strike,” but evidence points to torture and neglect.
This section of the film is among its most harrowing and emotional, depicted with a chilling realism that captures the cruelty of the regime.
Woods’ Transformation and Mission
Devastated by Biko’s death, Woods becomes determined to expose the truth. However, government censors suppress his articles, and he and his family are put under house arrest.
Knowing that staying in South Africa means certain imprisonment—or worse—Woods devises a daring plan to escape the country. Disguised and constantly on the run, he finally reaches Lesotho, where he contacts the British embassy. From there, he escapes to London with his family.
Movie Ending
In the film’s final act, Donald Woods successfully reaches England, carrying with him photographs of Steve Biko’s injuries and the manuscript of his book, Biko. The movie closes with Woods speaking publicly about Biko’s death and the injustices of apartheid.
As the credits begin, the screen lists the names of over 50 people who died in police custody in South Africa between 1963 and 1977—an emotionally devastating reminder that Biko’s story was one among many.
The film’s ending is both heartbreaking and inspiring: Biko is dead, but his message lives on through Woods’ writings and the global outrage that followed. It underscores the idea that truth and humanity can survive even the harshest oppression.
Are There Post-Credits Scenes?
No, Cry Freedom does not include any post-credits scenes. The film ends with factual text, photographs, and a solemn list of real victims of apartheid violence. The decision to end this way reinforces its message rather than teasing a sequel or follow-up.
Type of Movie
Cry Freedom is a biographical historical drama with elements of political thriller and journalistic investigation. It combines emotional storytelling with a sharp political conscience, typical of Attenborough’s directorial style.
Cast
- Denzel Washington as Steve Biko
- Kevin Kline as Donald Woods
- Penelope Wilton as Wendy Woods
- John Thaw as Kruger
- Zakes Mokae as Mapetla
- Alec McCowen as Acting High Commissioner
- John Hargreaves as Robin
Denzel Washington’s performance as Biko earned him international acclaim and an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor.
Film Music and Composer
The score was composed by George Fenton and Jonas Gwangwa. The music blends orchestral arrangements with traditional African rhythms, perfectly complementing the film’s emotional tone and cultural authenticity. Gwangwa’s contributions, in particular, root the soundtrack in South Africa’s musical heritage.
Filming Locations
The movie was primarily filmed in Zimbabwe, as it was impossible to shoot in apartheid-era South Africa due to government restrictions. Some scenes were also filmed in Botswana and England.
Zimbabwe’s landscapes and urban settings stood in for South African locations, adding to the authenticity while ensuring the filmmakers could work without state interference.
These choices were significant—not only for safety but also as a symbolic gesture of solidarity with the anti-apartheid struggle.
Awards and Nominations
Cry Freedom received several major award nominations, including:
- 3 Academy Award nominations (Best Supporting Actor – Denzel Washington, Best Original Score, Best Original Song)
- 3 Golden Globe nominations
- BAFTA Award nomination for Best Actor (Denzel Washington)
While it didn’t win Oscars, it solidified Denzel Washington’s reputation as one of the most powerful actors of his generation.
Behind the Scenes Insights
- Director Richard Attenborough had long wanted to tell Biko’s story but faced difficulty financing the project due to its political nature.
- Denzel Washington studied Biko’s speeches and mannerisms intensely to portray him authentically.
- Many South African crew members worked anonymously to avoid retribution from the apartheid government.
- The production faced frequent political scrutiny and threats.
- Real anti-apartheid activists consulted on the film to ensure historical accuracy.
Inspirations and References
The movie is based on Donald Woods’ books, Biko and Asking for Trouble, which chronicle his friendship with Steve Biko and his escape from South Africa.
It also draws inspiration from Biko’s real speeches, writings, and the philosophy of Black Consciousness, which emphasized self-liberation and racial pride.
Alternate Endings and Deleted Scenes
No alternate endings are known to exist. However, early cuts of the film reportedly included longer courtroom sequences and more footage of Woods’ escape, which were shortened for pacing. The final version keeps focus on Biko’s legacy and Woods’ transformation rather than expanding on action elements.
Book Adaptations and Differences
The film closely follows Woods’ autobiographical books but condenses many events for cinematic clarity.
- In the books, Woods’ escape is described in much greater detail.
- Biko’s activism and philosophical discussions occupy more pages in the text than in the film.
- The movie adds more emotional tension between Woods and the apartheid police for dramatic effect.
Memorable Scenes and Quotes
Key Scenes
- Woods and Biko’s first meeting, where intellectual respect replaces prejudice.
- Biko’s arrest and brutal interrogation.
- Biko’s lifeless body being transported by police—a gut-wrenching moment.
- Woods disguising himself as a priest to escape South Africa.
- The closing credits listing real victims of apartheid brutality.
Iconic Quotes
- Steve Biko: “The most potent weapon in the hands of the oppressor is the mind of the oppressed.”
- Donald Woods: “You’re either part of the solution or part of the problem.”
- Biko: “I write what I like.”
Easter Eggs and Hidden Details
- In several scenes, posters of real anti-apartheid rallies and slogans are visible, featuring authentic movement symbols.
- The film subtly references Nelson Mandela, who was imprisoned at the time, by showing newspaper clippings with his name blurred out—a realistic depiction of apartheid-era censorship.
- The typewriter Woods uses in the final scene is the same model the real Donald Woods used to write Biko.
Trivia
- The real Donald Woods attended the film’s premiere in 1987.
- Denzel Washington’s performance was so convincing that Attenborough reportedly cried during Biko’s death scene.
- Filming in Zimbabwe allowed extras to speak openly about apartheid for the first time.
- The film’s title, Cry Freedom, comes from a phrase used in one of Biko’s final speeches.
Why Watch?
Cry Freedom is not just a film—it’s a historical document. Watch it to witness how courage, truth, and friendship can challenge systemic injustice. It’s ideal for those interested in human rights, journalism, and political history, or anyone seeking a deeply emotional and thought-provoking drama.
Director’s Other Movies
- Gandhi (1982)
- A Bridge Too Far (1977)
- Shadowlands (1993)
- Chaplin (1992)
- In Love and War (1996)
Recommended Films for Fans
- Invictus (2009)
- Hotel Rwanda (2004)
- Mandela: Long Walk to Freedom (2013)
- The Killing Fields (1984)
- Mississippi Burning (1988)
- A Dry White Season (1989)
